A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given.

The term General is used in two ways: as the generic title for all grades of general officer; and as a specific rank. Since the late twentieth century, the rank of General is usually the highest active rank of a military not at war.

All general officer ranks

The various grades of general officer are at the top of the rank structure. Lower-ranking officers are known as field officers or field-grade officers, and below them are company-grade officers. All officers who commanded more than a single regiment came to be known as "general officers". The word "general" is used in its ordinary sense in English (and other languages) as relating to larger, general, military units, rather than smaller units in particular.

Common systems

There are two common systems of general ranks.

Variations of one form, the old European system, were once used throughout Europe. It is used in the United Kingdom (although it did not originate there), from which it eventually spread to the Commonwealth and the United States of America. The General Officer ranks are named by prefixing General, as an adjective, with field officer ranks, although in some countries the highest general officers are titled Field Marshal or Marshal.

The other is derived from the French Revolution, where generals' ranks are named according to the unit they (theoretically) command.

Old European system {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;" |align="center"| Field Marshal or General Field Marshal |- |align="center"| ''Colonel General'' |- |align="center"| General or Captain General |- |align="center"| Lieutenant General |- |align="center"| Sergeant Major General or Major General |- |align="center"| ''Brigadier (General)'' |}

The system used either a ''brigadier general'' rank, or a ''colonel general'' rank (i.e. exclude one of the italicised ranks.)

The rank of field marshal was used by some countries as the highest rank, while in other countries it was used as a divisional or brigade rank. Many countries (notably pre-revolutionary France and eventually much of Latin America) actually used two brigade command ranks, which is why some countries now use two stars as their brigade general insignia. (Mexico and Argentina still use two brigade command ranks.)

In some nations (particularly in the Commonwealth), the equivalent to Brigadier General is Brigadier, which is not always considered by these armies to be a general officer rank, although it is always treated as equivalent to the rank of Brigadier General for comparative purposes. Unlike other general officers, the brigadier general rank is not derived from a ''field'' rank of brigadier.

The rank of ''major general'' is a shorter form of ''sergeant major general'', and is lower than lieutenant general as a lieutenant outranks a sergeant major, although outranked by a major.

French (Revolutionary) system {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;" |align="center"| Marshal |- |align="center"| Army General |- |align="center"| Corps General |- |align="center"| Divisional General |- |align="center"| Brigade General |} More information about this system can be found on the page: Général.

Other variations

Other nomenclatures for general officers include the titles and ranks:

Adjutant General

Commandant-General

Inspector General

Captain General

General-in-Chief

General of the Army (which is distinct from the title Army General)

General of the Air Force (USA only)

General of the Armies of the United States (of America), a title created for General John J. Pershing, and subsequently granted posthumously to George Washington.

General Admiral (German Navy)

Air General and Aviation General (Chilean Air Force; roughly equivalent to Air Chief Marshal and Air Vice-Marshal respectively)

Wing General and Group General (Mexican Air Force; roughly equivalent to Air Commodore and Acting Air Commodore respectively)

Lieutenant-Colonel General (A Serb rank immediately inferior to Colonel General, and roughly equivalent to Commonwealth/US Major General)

Director General (a common administrative term sometimes used as an appointment in military services)

Director General of National Defence (most senior rank in the Mexican Armed Forces)

Director of Intelligence Bureau (senior most 4 star Indian Police Service post in India)

Controller General (general officer rank in the French National Police)

Prefect General (the most senior rank of the Argentine Naval Prefecture)

Master-General of the Ordnance

In addition to militarily educated generals, there are also generals in medicine and engineering. The rank of most senior chaplain, Chaplain General, is also considered to be a general officer rank.

The specific General rank

In the Old European system, a General, without prefix or suffix (and sometimes referred to informally as a "full general"), is usually the most senior type of general, above Lieutenant General and directly below Field Marshal. Usually it is the most senior peace-time rank, with more senior ranks (for example, Field Marshal) being used only in wartime, or as honorary titles.

In some armies, however, the rank of Captain General, General of the Army, Army General or Colonel General occupied or occupies this position. Depending on circumstances and the army in question, these ranks may be considered to be equivalent to a full General or to a Field Marshal.

The rank of General came about as a "Captain-General", the captain of an army in general (i.e., the whole army). The rank of Captain-General began appearing around the time of the organization of professional armies in the 17th century. In most countries "Captain-General" contracted to just "General".

General ranks by country

The following articles deal with the rank of General, or its equivalent, as it is or was employed in the militaries of those countries.

General (Australia)

General (Canada)

Shang Jiang (China) - People's Republic of China (PRC) and Republic of China (ROC/Taiwan)

Kenraali (Finland)

Kindral (Estonia)

Général (France)

General (Germany)

Obergruppenführer (Nazi Germany, SS rank)

Strategos (Greece)

Aluf (Israel)

Generale (Italy)

Daejang (Korea - DPRK and ROK)

General (Mexico)

Generał (Poland)

Army General (Philippines)

Army General (Russia)

General (Sri Lanka)

General (Sweden)

General (Switzerland)

General (United Kingdom)

General (United States)

Army generals' insignia

Air force generals' insignia

Generals' insignia of disbanded armies

Air Force and Navy equivalents

Some countries (such as the United States) use the General Officer ranks for both the army and the air force; others only use the General Officer ranks for the army, while in the air force they use Air Officers as the equivalent of General Officers. They use the air force rank of Air Chief Marshal as the equivalent of the specific army rank of General. This latter group includes the British Royal Air Force and those based on it (e.g., India, Pakistan, New Zealand, Nigeria, etc.).

In most navies, Flag Officers are the equivalent of General Officers, and the naval rank of Admiral is equivalent to the specific army rank of General. A noteworthy historical exception was the Cromwellian naval rank ''General at sea''. In recent years in the American service there is a tendency to use ''Flag Officer'' and ''Flag Rank'' to refer to generals and admirals of the services collectively.

See also

Général

Generalissimo

List of comparative military ranks

List of Roman generals

Shogun

References

External links

Generals of World War II

Schema-root.org: US Generals News feeds for US Generals in the news

Marines.mil: General Officer Biographies Biographies of US Marine Corps General Officers

Bios & Information on Generals of Western History Information on 10 Generals who influenced Western History

Category:Generals Category:Military ranks

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background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
instrument	Guitar, vocals, keyboards, bass, banjo
name	Steve Morse
birth name	Steven J. Morse
born	July 28, 1954Hamilton, Ohio, United States
genre	Rock, instrumental rock, progressive rock, hard rock, heavy metal, jazz fusion
occupation	Musician, songwriter
associated acts	Dixie Dregs, Kansas, Deep Purple, Living Loud, Angelfire
notable instruments	Music Man Steve Morse Signature guitar, Fender Telecaster
years active	1970–present
website	Official web site }}

Steven J. "Steve" Morse (born 28 July 1954) is an American guitarist, best known as the founder of the Dixie Dregs, and the guitar player in Deep Purple since 1994. Often considered of of the greatest guitarists of all time.

Morse's career has encompassed rock, country, funk, jazz, classical, and fusion of these musical genres. In addition to a thriving solo career, he enjoyed a brief stint with Kansas in the mid 80s.

History

Early

Morse's father was a minister and his mother a classically trained pianist; both were also psychologists. The family moved to Tennessee, then Ypsilanti, Michigan, where Morse spent his childhood. Although familiar with piano and clarinet, Morse ultimately became interested in guitar after seeing a gentleman finger picking a Dixie melody at a county fair.

Morse worked briefly with his brother Dave in a band called The Plague until the family moved to Augusta, Georgia. In the late 60s, he played in a band called Three with his older brother. Enrolled in the Academy of Richmond County, he met bassist Andy West and, together, they formed the nucleus of the Dixie Grit, adding keyboardist Johnny Carr, guitarist and vocalist Frank Brittingham with Dave Morse drumming. However, this effort was short lived, since covering Led Zeppelin, Cream and the like limited their ability to get higher-paying jobs at local dance halls.

West and Morse continued to play as a duet billed as the Dixie Dregs until Morse's expulsion from school in the 10th grade (for refusing to cut his hair) enabled his enrolment at the esteemed University of Miami School of Music.

During the 1970s, the University of Miami played host to a number of future influential musicians, including Bruce Hornsby, Pat Metheny, Chuck Schuldiner, Jaco Pastorius and others. Andy West also enrolled at the University of Miami and, with Morse, drummer Bart Yarnall, keyboardist Frank Josephs and violinist Allen Sloan, collaborated in a lab project entitled Rock Ensemble II. Rehearsing and performing Morse's compositions at the University of Miami brought some attention to his credibility as a composer and player. The group compiled a recording used for promotional efforts in 1975. This recording was eventually released as ''The Great Spectacular'' in 1997.

Dixie Dregs

Upon Morse's graduation from the University of Miami in 1975, he and West officially named the group Dixie Dregs. A fellow University of Miami alumnus, Rod Morgenstein, replaced the injured Bart Yarnall and the band commenced performing on a regular basis, interspersing their compositions with covers of John McLaughlin and of southern rock gems. Despite their decidedly non-commercial intent, an increasingly heavier performance schedule eventually led to the attention of Capricorn Records recruiters including Allman Brothers Band manager Twiggs Lyndon and, in late 1976, the group was signed by the vaunted southern rock label.

Their first effort for Capricorn, ''Free Fall'', established Morse as an important newcomer to the fusion genre, and he was recognised for both his compositional skills (having written all 11 tracks) and his consummate musicianship. Although critically acclaimed as a pivotal jazz fusion album, the LP sold poorly.

''What If'' was released in 1978 to continued acclaim. Writing credits were more collaborative and the band's sound had matured into something a bit more than what defined fusion at the time. Southern rock, classical, folk and country elements combined to form a cohesive and complex pastiche of passionate and highly listenable music. Though supported by a tour, record sales remained flat, but gained Morse and the band received an invitation to perform at Montreux Jazz Festival on 23 July 1978. The recorded performance was released the following year on ''Night of the Living Dregs''. Capricorn went bankrupt in late 1979, and the Dixie Dregs were left without a label.

Arista Records stepped in to sign the band in 1979 to record three albums. Production control was handed to Morse, and ''Dregs of the Earth'' was released in May 1980. All eight tracks were written by Morse, and the album peaked at number 27 on Billboard's Jazz Album Chart.

Arista became increasingly concerned about Dixie Dregs' album sales and pressured the band to change their name to simply ''The Dregs'' in an attempt to increase the band's visibility in the public eye. ''Unsung Heroes'' brought eight additional Morse compositions forward in early 1981, but the name change did little to address Arista's worries. The Dregs were compelled to add lyrics to their next effort, appropriately titled ''Industry Standard'', an apparent reference to executive and management oversight of their creative process.

Despite this, Morse's compositions on ''Industry Standard'' began to sound more like his evolving solo work than Dregs' collaborations, and the album stood up to critical and public praise. ''Industry Standard'' was voted "Best Guitar LP" by readers of ''Guitar Player'' magazine in their annual reader's poll that year. Additionally, Morse was voted "Best Overall Guitarist" in the same poll, an honour that he would hold for five consecutive years (which ended his eligibility by retiring him into their "Gallery of Greats", a distinction shared only by Steve Howe of Yes.) Having fulfilled their commitment to Arista, the band succumbed to the pressures of constant gigging, and disbanded in early 1983.

In the late 1980s, the group reunited for a tour featuring former members Morse, Morgenstein, Lavitz and Sloan. Their return was complemented by a "Best Of" release entitled ''Divided We Stand''. Bassist Dave LaRue completed the line-up for a seven date tour culminating in the 1992 live album Bring 'em Back Alive. Violinist Jerry Goodman, of The Mahavishnu Orchestra fame, filled in for Sloan, who was frequently absent as a result of his busy medical career. They signed a deal with former label Capricorn Records for their first studio album in years entitled Full Circle in 1994.

Steve Morse Band and Kansas

Morse began putting together the Steve Morse Band, a trio with Jerry Peek (bass) and Doug Morgan (drums). Rod Morgenstein soon replaced Morgan, and they began recording ''The Introduction'' in September. The group toured Germany in early 1984 with Morse conducting clinics, and the group was signed by Elektra Records, who released ''The Introduction'' mid-year. A second German tour began in December 1984 and ''Stand Up'' was released in 1985. This effort included guest vocalists and guitarists (Eric Johnson, Alex Ligertwood, Peter Frampton, Albert Lee, Van Temple), and violinist Mark O'Connor. He toured with Rush as a main opener on their Power Windows tour.

In 1986, Morse joined the rock group Kansas. While with the band, they released two albums, ''Power'' and ''In the Spirit of Things''. While he was with the band, Kansas had its last big hit, "All I Wanted," which reached the Billboard Top 20 and on which Morse received co-writing credit. Morse left the band after touring behind the latter album. He re-joined the band for part of their 1991 tour.

From late 1987 to early 1988, Morse worked as a commercial airline co-pilot.

Deep Purple

During the 1993 Deep Purple tour supporting their ''The Battle Rages On'' album, Ritchie Blackmore quit the band at the end of the European tour. Before they settled on Morse as a permanent replacement, Joe Satriani served as a short-term replacement to finish the tour. Since then, Morse has played on four Deep Purple studio albums, as well as seven of their live albums.

Living Loud

In addition to playing with Deep Purple, Morse, together with Jimmy Barnes, Bob Daisley, Lee Kerslake and Don Airey, formed Living Loud in 2003. The group released one studio album and a live DVD in 2004/2005. In Spring 2010 it was reported that Steve Morse and Bob Daisley started work on the new studio album which is set for a release in 2011.

Angelfire

Morse began a collaboration with singer, Sarah Spencer, in 2007 entitled Angelfire. The album, of the same name, was released on 10 August 2010 on Radiant Records. The album features Dave Larue and Van Romaine of the Steve Morse Band on bass and drums, respectively. The album has a textural, acoustic sound that differs from Morse's previous work. Angelfire opened for the Steve Morse Band for several shows in California (January) and Florida (March) of 2010.

Influence and technique

Morse is considered one of the hardest working guitarists in the world, playing in a wide variety of genres in only thirty years. He is known for his stylistically diverse compositional skills and virtuosic abilities, and was voted "Best Overall Guitarist" by ''Guitar Player'' magazine for five years in a row, qualifying him for their "Guitar Player Hall of Fame", the only other members being Steve Howe of Yes and Eric Johnson. He is regularly cited by John Petrucci as a major influence. Guitarist Shawn Lane regarded Steve Morse as one of the most talented guitarist of his time, Morse has proven himself throughout his career as capable of playing highly complex chord structures in classical sequences, as well as being able to play fast, alternate picked arpeggios. He is well known for using harmonics and improvising them in songs during live performances, such as in Deep Purple's "Sometimes I Feel Like Screaming".

Discography

With Dixie Dregs

1976 ''The Great Spectacular'' (formally released in 1997)

1977 ''Free Fall''

1978 ''What If

1979 ''Night of the Living Dregs''

1980 ''Dregs of the Earth''

1981 ''Unsung Heroes''

1982 ''Industry Standard''

1988 ''Off the Record''

1989 ''Divided We Stand''

1992 ''Bring 'Em Back Alive''

1994 ''Full Circle''

1997 ''King Biscuit Flower Hour Presents'' - ''The Dregs 1979''

2000 ''California Screamin' - Live In California 1999''

2002 ''20th Century Masters: The Best Of The Dixie Dregs'' (compilation)

2002 ''Sects, Dregs & Rock 'n' Roll'' (compilation)

With the Steve Morse Band and solo

1984 ''The Introduction''

1985 ''Stand Up''

1989 ''High Tension Wires''

1991 ''Southern Steel''

1992 ''Coast to Coast''

1995 ''Structural Damage''

1996 ''StressFest''

2000 ''Major Impacts''

2002 ''Split Decision''

2004 ''Major Impacts 2''

2005 ''Prime Cuts - From Steve Morse's Magna Carta sessions'' (compilation)

2009 ''Out Standing in Their Field''

With Deep Purple

1996 ''Purpendicular''

1997 ''Live at the Olympia '96''

1998 ''Abandon''

1999 ''Live at the Royal Albert Hall''

1999 ''Total Abandon: Live in Australia''

2001 ''Live at the Rotterdam Ahoy''

2001 ''The Soundboard Series''

2003 ''Bananas''

2005 ''Rapture of the Deep''

2006 ''Live at Montreux 1996''

2007 ''They All Came Down to Montreux''

With Kansas

1986 ''Power''

1988 ''In the Spirit of Things''

1998 ''King Biscuit Flower Hour Presents Kansas''

2004 ''Sail On: The 30th Anniversary Collection'' (compilation)

2009 There's Know Place Like Home DVD

With Angelfire

2010 ''Angelfire''

With Living Loud

2003 ''Living Loud'' (US: 2004)

2005 ''Live In Sydney 2004'' (2CD/DVD)

Guest appearances with other artists

1977 ''Tropical Nights'' - Liza Minnelli

1978 ''Kamikazee Christian'' - Rob Cassells Band

1980 ''Schemer-Dreamer'' - Steve Walsh

1983 ''The Trio'' - Al Di Meola, John McLaughlin, Paco de Lucía

1986 ''Storytime'' - T Lavitz

1987 ''Stone From Which The Arch Was Made'' - Mark O'Connor

1987 ''Surveillance'' - Triumph

1988 ''Southern By The Grace Of God: Lynyrd Skynyrd Tribute Tour 1987'' - Lynyrd Skynyrd

1988 ''Love Your Man'' - ''The Rossington Collins Band''

1990 ''Nashville Rendez-Vous'' - Marcel Dadi

1991 ''Fingers Crossing'' - ''Marcel Dadi''

1992 ''Country Guitar Flavors'' - ''Marcel Dadi''

1992 ''Lone Ranger'' - ''Jeff Watson''

1993 ''Coven, Pitrelli, O'Reilly'' - ''CPR''

1994 ''Thonk'' - Michael Manring

1995 ''Carmine Appice's Guitar Zeus''

2001 ''Seventh Key'' - ''Seventh Key''

2001 ''Nylon & Steel'' - ''Manuel Barrueco''

2001 ''Feeding the Wheel'' - Jordan Rudess

2002 ''Camino Latino/Latin Journey'' - Liona Boyd

2004 ''Rhythm Of Time'' - ''Jordan Rudess''

2006 ''Gillan's Inn'' - Ian Gillan

2007 ''School of the Arts'' - School of the Arts (featuring T Lavitz) (Morse contributes acoustic guitar work on 2 tracks, "On Fire" and "Portrait")

2011 ''Testimony 2'' - Neal Morse

2011 ''Raised in Captivity'' - John Wetton

Various artist compilations and tributes

1978 ''Hotels, Motels And Road Shows'' (Various artists compilation)

1989 ''Guitar's Practicing Musicians'' (Various artists compilation)

1991 ''Guitar's Practicing Musicians Vol. 2'' (Various artists compilation)

1991 ''Guitar Speak III'' (Various artist compilation)

1992 ''Rock Guitar Greats'' (Various artists compilation)

1992 ''Guitar On The Edge Vol. 2'' (Various artist compilation)

1995 ''Tales From Yesterday'' (Various artists tribute to Yes)

1996 ''Crossfire - A Tribute To Stevie Ray'' (Various artists tribute to Stevie Ray Vaughan)

1996 ''Working Man'' (Various artists tribute to Rush, Morse plays solos on ''La Villa Strangiato'' and ''Red Barchetta''.)

1996 ''The Carols Of Christmas'' (Various artist compilation)

1997 ''The Carols Of Christmas II'' (Various artist compilation)

1997 ''Merry Axemas - A Guitar Christmas'' (Various artist compilation)

1997 ''Jazz Fusion Vol. 2'' (Various artist compilation)

1998 ''Guitar Battle'' (Various artist compilation)

1999 ''Tribute to the Titans'' (Various artist compilation)

1999 ''Rock Guitarists Forever Best'' (Various artist compilation)

2001 ''Warmth In The Wilderness - A Tribute To Jason Becker'' (Various artists tribute to Jason Becker)

2002 ''A Southern Rock Christmas'' (Various artist compilation)

2004 ''Classical Heartbreakers'' (Various artist compilation)

2005 ''Future of the Blues Vol. 2'' (Various artist compilation)

2006 ''Back Against The Wall'' (Various artist tribute to Pink Floyd's ''The Wall'')

2006 ''Visions of an Inner Mounting Apocalypse'' (Various artist tribute to Mahavishnu Orchestra)

2006 ''The Royal Dan: A Tribute'' (instrumental guitar tribute to jazz rock band Steely Dan, featuring a different lead guitarist on 10 different songs, Morse plays Bodhisattva)

References

External links

(launched January 2009)

Steve Morse's official MySpace page

Steve Morse's former official web site (prior to January 2009)

Deep Purple's official web site

Angelfire's official web site

Category:1954 births Category:Living people Category:People from Hamilton, Ohio Category:American Christians Category:Lead guitarists Category:American rock guitarists Category:American vegetarians Category:Kansas (band) members Category:Deep Purple members Category:Dixie Dregs members Category:University of Miami alumni Category:Musicians from Ohio

bg:Стийв Морз cs:Steve Morse de:Steve Morse es:Steve Morse fr:Steve Morse hr:Steve Morse it:Steve Morse ka:სტივ მორსი lb:Steve Morse hu:Steve Morse nl:Steve Morse ja:スティーヴ・モーズ no:Steve Morse pl:Steve Morse pt:Steve Morse ro:Steve Morse ru:Морс, Стив sq:Steve Morse simple:Steve Morse sk:Steve Morse fi:Steve Morse sv:Steve Morse tr:Steve Morse uk:Стів Морс

name	Albert Lee
background	solo_singer
birth name	Albert Lee
alias	Mr. Telecaster
born	December 21, 1943Leominster, England
instrument	Vocals, guitar, piano, mandolin
genre	CountryRockabillyRock and rollR&B
occupation	Musician, Songwriter, Musical director
years active	1959–present
label	A&M, Diamond Records, MCA, Heroic Records, Castle, Magnum, Polydor, Sugar Hill
associated acts	Heads Hands & Feet, Emmylou Harris, Eric Clapton, Rodney Crowell, Ricky Skaggs, Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings, The Everly Brothers
website	www.albertlee.co.uk
notable instruments	1952, 1953, 1960 Fender TelecasterErnie Ball Music Man customAlbert Lee Signature Model1958 Gibson J-2001958 Gibson Les Paul CustomGibson Everly Brothers model1958 Fender Stratocaster }}

Albert Lee, born 21 December 1943 in Leominster, Herefordshire, England, is an English guitarist known for his fingerstyle and hybrid picking technique. Lee has worked both in the studio and on tour with some of the most famous musicians which stretch through a very wide of genres. He has additionally maintained a thriving solo career, and is noted as a composer and musical director as well.

Early life

Albert grew up in Blackheath, London. His father was a musician, and Albert studied piano, taking up the instrument at age seven. During this time, he became a fan of Buddy Holly and Jerry Lee Lewis. He took up guitar in 1958 when his parents bought him a second-hand Höfner ''President'' which he later traded in for a Czechoslovakian ''Grazioso'', the forerunner of the ''Futurama''. Albert left school at the age of 16 to play full-time.

Career

Early career in England

Lee was with a variety of bands from 1959 onwards, playing mostly R&B, country music and rock and roll. In addition to Buddy Holly, his early guitar influences included Cliff Gallup, Grady Martin, The Everly Brothers, Scotty Moore, James Burton and Jerry Reed. Lee first experienced commercial success as the lead guitarist with Chris Farlowe and The Thunderbirds. Lee says that he enjoyed playing the Stax-type material, but he really wanted to play country music. Consequently he left Farlowe and the Thunderbirds in 1968.

During his time playing with Heads Hands & Feet, Lee became a "guitar hero", playing his Fender Telecaster at breakneck speed. Heads Hands & Feet became a very popular live band in the UK, making appearances on The Old Grey Whistle Test and also in Europe, where they appeared on the German music programme Beat-Club.

International success

In 1971, Lee performed with Deep Purple's keyboard player Jon Lord on a live recording of Lord's Gemini Suite. That opus was a follow-up to Deep Purple's Concerto for Group and Orchestra. Ritchie Blackmore had played the guitar at the first live performance of the Gemini Suite in September 1970, but declined the invitation to appear on the live studio version, which led to the involvement of Albert Lee. Other performers were Yvonne Elliman, Ian Paice (Deep Purple), Roger Glover (Deep Purple), Tony Ashton and the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by the late Sir Malcolm Arnold.

Lee left for Los Angeles, California in 1974 and joined The Crickets through his friend bassist Rick Grech (Blind Faith) who also included Sonny Curtis and Jerry Allison. The band cut three albums together including ''A Long Way From Lubbock''. He also received many offers of session work. In 1976, Lee was asked to join Emmylou Harris's Hot Band, replacing one of his heroes, James Burton, who was returning to perform with Elvis Presley. The Hot Band featured other musicians such as Ricky Skaggs and Rodney Crowell. Starting in 1978, Lee worked for five years with Eric Clapton, playing and singing for a live concert recording at the Budokan in Japan.

Lee was responsible for The Everly Brothers 1983 reunion concert and was its musical director. He played regularly with the Everlys for over twenty years.

In 1987, Lee was invited by Gerry Hogan to headline at a steel guitar festival in Newbury, Berkshire. Lee was at first intimidated by the prospect of having to front a band, however, the gig was successful and he now tours with Hogan's Heroes on a regular basis. Hogan's Heroes are renowned for attracting celebrities to their gigs. Stars such as Eric Clapton, Tommy Emmanuel, Lonnie Donegan, Dave Edmunds, Marty Wilde, Willie Nelson, Nanci Griffith, Don Everly, Emmylou Harris, Sonny Curtis and Rodney Crowell have all jammed with the band at one time or another.

In 2002, Albert Lee appeared at the Concert for George. Also in 2002, Lee received a Grammy Award for Best Country Instrumental Performance for Foggy Mountain Breakdown from the CD ''Earl Scruggs and Friends''. In September 2006 Lee took part in Primal Twang: The Legacy of the Guitar—the first definitive theatrical journey through the guitar’s colourful and surprisingly controversial 3500-year history. Albert Lee appeared at the 2007 Crossroads Guitar Festival on 28 July and performed with Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings at the Ahmet Ertegun tribute show at The O2 in London on 10 December. A new Albert Lee and Hogan's Heroes album entitled ''Like This'' was released in spring 2008 to coincide with their European tour. Lee continues to work in the studio and tours on a regular basis with Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings. He lives in Malibu, California.

Awards, accolades and legacy

Lee has received many awards for his playing, including the five times consecutive winner of ''Guitar Player'' magazine's "Best Country Guitarist". Lee is known within the music industry for his speed of playing and his technical virtuosity and yet by the same token, one of the most melodic, playing slower passages approximating the sound of the pedal steel guitar with his Music Man and Telecaster guitars which are equipped with B-Benders.

He is known as "the guitar player's guitar player" because of the presence of so many guitarists, famous or unknown, everywhere he performs. Albert Lee is also referred to as "Mr. Telecaster". A long-time Telecaster player, Lee wrote a foreword to A.R. Duchossoir's book detailing the history of the instrument.

Albert Lee's song "Country Boy" helped to redefine country guitar for a whole generation of players, and was later to become a huge hit for multi-instrumentalist Ricky Skaggs.

Despite positive press from Melody Maker and New Musical Express, Lee has never achieved any great commercial success in terms of record sales during his career, but more as a live performer, session player and sideman, perhaps due to his self-effacing stage presence. Lee has been described by his peers who include Jimmy Page and Ritchie Blackmore, as a complete gentleman who does not know the meaning of the word ''ego''.

Earl Scruggs, commenting on Albert Lee has stated: "I have been a fan and admirer of his guitar work from the first moment I heard him play. I am constantly amazed at his talent. I am sure there are many guitar players who have been influenced by his style and will continue to be influenced for years to come. Albert is in every sense of the word, a genuine guitar wizard".

It is widely quoted that Eric Clapton is on record as stating that Albert Lee is, in his opinion, "the greatest guitarist in the world." Emmylou Harris has stated that Lee is "a brilliant guitar player. His sound is unmistakable—often emulated, never equalled. When Saint Peter asks me to chronicle my time down here on earth, I'll be able to say (with pride if that's allowed) that for a while I played rhythm guitar in a band with Albert Lee."

Reflecting on the Heads Hands & Feet period of his career, Lee has stated: "What amazes me is how many musicians in Nashville have a copy of our first album in their personal record collections, and still ask me what happened to the band."

Guitar collection

Albert Lee owns more than 25 guitars, including Don Everly's Gibson J-200. The Gibson Guitar Corporation made one for Don Everly and the other for Phil. The guitars have an all black, high gloss lacquered finish, and are equipped with twin ''Everly Brothers'' white pickguards. The Everly Brothers manager Wesley Rose had wanted the guitar to be presented to the Country Music Hall of Fame, but Everly informed him that guitars like that should be played, not kept sitting in a glass case. Don Everly presented it to Lee, along with his Gibson ''Everly Brothers'' model.

Eric Clapton gave Lee the Gibson Les Paul Custom that he played while with Delaney and Bonnie. Lee also plays his signature Music Man (the guitar shown in the photographs) and a 1950s Telecaster (both with custom B-Benders), a 1958 Stratocaster and a Martin 000-28 acoustic.

Confusion with Alvin Lee

Albert Lee is often confused with Alvin Lee. This confusion has led to Alvin Lee being incorrectly credited on many albums in the past.

Partial Band List

Chris Farlowe And The Thunderbirds

The Crickets

Country Fever

Green Bullfrog

Heads Hands & Feet

Emmylou Harris and The Hot Band

Hogan's Heroes (guitar and vocals)

Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings

Biffbaby's All Stars, featuring: Albert Lee, Eddie Van Halen, Steve Morse, and Steve Lukather. In association with Ernie Ball products

Discography

Solo albums

Albert Lee — ''Black Claw/Country Fever''

Poet And The One Man Band — ''Poet And The One Man Band'' LP(actually Heads Hands & Feet) (1969)

Heads Hands & Feet — ''Heads, Hands & Feet'' LP(1971)

Heads Hands & Feet — ''Tracks'' LP(1972)

Heads Hands & Feet — ''Let's Get This Show On The Road!''

Heads Hands & Feet — ''Jack Daniels Rare Old No.7''

Heads Hands & Feet — ''Old Soldiers Never Die'' LP(1973)

Heads Hands & Feet — ''Home From Home - The Missing Album'' LP(1968; unissued until 1995)

1979 - Albert Lee — ''Hiding''

1982 - Albert Lee — ''Albert Lee''

Albert Lee — ''Speechless''

Albert Lee — ''Country Guitar Man'' (Re-release of "Old Soldiers Never Die" by Heads Hands & Feet)

Albert Lee — ''Gagged But Not Bound''

1982 - Albert Lee — ''Real Wild Child''(It's the very same omonimus 1972's album, with a different tracklist order and an adtional song - "Ain't Got No Reason").

Albert Lee — ''That's All Right Mama''

Albert Lee — ''Heartbreak Hill''

Albert Lee — ''Road Runner''

Albert Lee — ''Advanced Country Guitar'' (DVD)

Albert Lee — ''Master Session'' (DVD)

Albert Lee — ''Country Legend'' (DVD)

Albert Lee — ''Highlights'' (DVD)

Albert Lee — ''Guitar Heroes'' (DVD)

Albert Lee — ''Country Boy'' (DVD)

Albert Lee — ''Guitar Techniques'' (DVD)

Albert Lee & Hogan's Heroes — ''In Full Flight!''

Albert Lee & Hogan's Heroes — ''Tear It Up''

Albert Lee & Hogan's Heroes — '' In Between The Cracks''

Albert Lee & Hogan's Heroes — ''Live In Paris'' (DVD)

Albert Lee & Hogan's Heroes — ''Like This''

Albert Lee & Hogan's Heroes — ''Live at the Stazione Birra – Rome, 2009 '' (DVD)

Featured appearances (partial listing)

Bo Diddley — ''The London Bo Diddley Sessions''

Jerry Lee Lewis — ''The London Sessions''

Emmylou Harris — ''Luxury Liner'', ''The Ballad of Sally Rose'', ''Blue Kentucky Girl'', ''Roses in the Snow'', ''Evangeline'' (Guitars, Mandolin)

Eric Clapton — ''Just One Night'', ''Another Ticket'', ''Money and Cigarettes''

John Prine — ''The Missing Years'' (Guitar, Mandolin, Piano)

Rosanne Cash - ''Seven Year Ache''

Jon Lord — ''Gemini Suite''

Earl Scruggs — ''Earl Scruggs and Friends''

Paul Kennerley — ''The Legend of Jesse James'' (Guitars, Vocals, Mandolin)

The Crickets — ''Long Way From Lubbock'', ''The Crickets and Their Buddies''

Joe Cocker — ''Sting Ray''

Nicolette Larson — ''The Very Best Of Nicolette Larson''

Rodney Crowell — ''The Essential Rodney Crowell''

Dolly Parton - ''White Limozeen''

The Return Of Spinal Tap — DVD (As himself, playing on "Break Like The Wind")

John 5 — ''Death Valley''

Carlene Carter — ''I Fell in Love''

Foster and Lloyd — ''Version of the Truth''

Nanci Griffith — ''I Knew Love''

Hugh Moffatt — ''Dance Me Outside''

Shakin Stevens — ''Hot Dog''

Everly Brothers— ''Reunion Concert'' (Guitars, Piano, Musical Director)

Don Everly — ''Sunset Towers''

The Refreshments — Cover of Chuck Berry's "Let It Rock"

Dave Edmunds — "Sweet Little Lisa"

Marcel Dadi — ''Nashville Rendez-vous''

Bert Jansch — ''Heartbreak''

Jerry Scheff — ''Fire Down Below''

Brad Paisley — ''Play''

Jackson Browne — ''Under The Falling Sky''

Herbie Mann -''Reggae''

Carl Verheyen Band -''Trading 8s''

Jean-Pierre Danel — "Tulsa Time"

Arlen Roth -''Toolin' Around''

References

Further reading

''The Guinness Who's Who Of Country Music''. Guinness Publishing. ISBN 0-85112-726-6

Watts, Derek, (2008). ''Country Boy: A Biography of Albert Lee''. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., ISBN 978-0-7864-3658-3

External links

Official Site

Albert Lee and Hogan's Heroes Official website

Category:1943 births Category:Living people Category:People from Leominster Category:English guitarists Category:Grammy Award winners

de:Albert Lee fr:Albert Lee it:Albert Lee hu:Albert Lee ja:アルバート・リー no:Albert Lee fi:Albert Lee sv:Albert Lee

name	Neal Cassady
birth date	February 08, 1926
birth place	Salt Lake City, Utah
death date	February 04, 1968
death place	San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, Mexico
occupation	Author, poet
nationality	American
genre	Beat poet
movement	Beat
notableworks	''The First Third''
influences	Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burroughs
influenced	Ken Kesey, The Grateful Dead, Carolyn Garcia, Beat Generation
website	}}

Neal Leon Cassady (February 8, 1926 – February 4, 1968) was a major figure of the Beat Generation of the 1950s and the psychedelic movement of the 1960s. He served as the model for the character Dean Moriarty in Jack Kerouac's novel ''On the Road''.

Early years

Cassady was born to Maude Jean Scheuer and Neal Marshall Cassady in Salt Lake City, Utah. After his mother died when he was ten, he was raised by his alcoholic father in Denver, Colorado. Cassady spent much of his youth living on the streets of skid row with his father, or spending time in reform school.

As a youth, Cassady was repeatedly involved in petty crime. He was arrested for car theft when he was 14, for shoplifting and car theft when he was 15, and for car theft and fencing when he was 16.

In 1941, the 15-year old Cassady met Justin W. Brierly, a prominent Denver educator. Brierly was well known as a mentor of promising young men, and, impressed by Cassady's intelligence, Brierly took an active role in Cassady's life over the next few years. He helped admit Cassady to East High School where he taught, encouraged and supervised his reading, and found employment for him. Cassady continued his criminal activities, however, and was repeatedly arrested from 1942 to 1944; on at least one of these occasions, he was released by law enforcement into Brierly's safekeeping. In June 1944, Cassady was arrested for receipt of stolen property, and served eleven months of a one-year prison sentence. He and Brierly actively exchanged letters during this period even through Cassady's intermittent incarcerations; these represent Cassady's earliest surviving letters. Brierly, apparently a closeted homosexual, is also believed to have been responsible for Cassady's first homosexual experience.

Marriage

In October 1945, after being released from prison, he married the fifteen-year-old LuAnne Henderson. In 1947, Cassady and his wife moved to New York City, where they met Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg at Columbia University through Hal Chase, another protégé of Justin W. Brierly's. Although Cassady did not attend Columbia, he soon became friends with them and their acquaintances, some of whom later became members of the Beat Generation. He had a sexual relationship with Ginsberg that lasted off and on for the next twenty years, and he traveled cross-country with both Kerouac and Ginsberg on multiple occasions.

As a character

Cassady was the model for the character Dean Moriarty in Kerouac's ''On the Road'', and Cody Pomeray in many of Kerouac's other novels. In the surviving first draft of ''On the Road'', which Kerouac typed on a 120-foot roll of paper specially constructed for that purpose, the story's protagonist's name remains "Neal Cassady." However, in Kerouac's final edition of On The Road, Cassady's character is known as "Dean Moriarty."

Ginsberg mentioned Cassady in the notorious and critically acclaimed poem "Howl" (1955) as "N.C., secret hero of these poems..." Ginsberg is credited with helping Kerouac break with his Thomas Wolfe-influenced sentimental style, as seen in ''The Town and the City'', and Kerouac's discovery of a unique style of his own he called "spontaneous prose", a stream of consciousness prose form, first used in ''On the Road''.

Second marriage and bigamy

After Cassady's marriage to LuAnne Henderson was annulled, Cassady married Carolyn Robinson on April 1, 1948. The couple eventually had three children and settled down in a ranch house in Monte Sereno, California, 50 miles south of San Francisco, where Kerouac and Ginsberg sometimes visited. Cassady committed bigamy by marrying a woman named Diane Hansen having one son Curtis Hansen two years after he married Carolyn Cassady. During this period, Cassady worked for the Southern Pacific Railroad and kept in touch with his "Beat" acquaintances even as they became increasingly different philosophically.

Cannabis and psychedelics

Following an arrest during 1958 for offering to share a small amount of marijuana with an undercover agent at a San Francisco nightclub, Cassady served a sentence at San Quentin State Prison. After his release in June 1960, he struggled to meet family obligations, and Carolyn divorced him when his parole period expired in 1963. Cassady shared an apartment with Allen Ginsberg and Charles Plymell in 1963 at 1403 Gough Street, San Francisco.

Cassady first met author Ken Kesey during the summer of 1962, eventually becoming one of the Merry Pranksters, a group who formed around Kesey in 1964 and were proponents of the use of psychedelic drugs. During 1964, he served as the main driver of the bus Furthur, which was immortalized by Tom Wolfe's book, ''The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test''. Cassady appears at length in a documentary film about the Merry Pranksters, ''Magic Trip'', directed by Alex Gibney, scheduled to be released 5 August 2011.

Hunter S. Thompson

In Hunter S. Thompson's book ''Hell's Angels'', Cassady is described as "the worldly inspiration for the protagonist of two recent novels," drunkenly yelling at police at the famed Hells Angels parties at Ken Kesey's residence in La Honda, California, an event also chronicled in ''The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test''.

Although his name was removed at the insistence of Thompson's publisher, the description is clearly a reference to the character based on Cassady in Jack Kerouac's works, ''On the Road'' and ''Visions of Cody''. His name appears explicitly in the 50th anniversary edition of the original scroll of ''On the Road'' (''On the Road: The Original Scroll'', Viking 2007). Cassady also appears in Ken Kesey's book ''Demon Box'' as "Superman" in the chapter "The Day After Superman Died" and briefly in 'Howl' by Allen Ginsberg under the initials 'NC' as 'the secret hero of these poems'.

Travels and death

In January 1967, Cassady traveled to Mexico with fellow prankster George "Barely Visible" Walker and longtime girlfriend Anne Murphy. In a beachside house just south of Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, they were joined by Barbara Wilson and Walter Cox. All-night storytelling, speed drives in Walker's Lotus Elan and the use of LSD made for a classic Cassady performance – "like a trained bear," Carolyn Cassady once said. Cassady was beloved for his ability to inspire others to love life. Yet at rare times he was known to express regret over his wild life, especially as it affected his family. At one point Cassady took Cox, then 19, aside and told him, "Twenty years of fast living – there's just not much left, and my kids are all screwed up. Don't do what I have done."

During the next year, Cassady's life became less stable and the pace of his travels became more frenetic. He left Mexico in May, traveling to San Francisco, California; Denver, Colorado; New York City, New York and points in between: then returned to Mexico in September and October (stopping in San Antonio, Texas on the way to visit his oldest daughter who had just given birth to his first grandchild); visited Ken Kesey's Oregon farm in December; and spent the New Year with Carolyn at a friend's house near San Francisco. Finally, in late January 1968, Cassady returned to Mexico once again.

On February 3, 1968, Cassady attended a wedding party in San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, Mexico. After the party he went walking along a railroad track to reach the next town, but passed out in the cold and rainy night wearing nothing but a T-shirt and jeans. In the morning, he was found in a coma by the track, reportedly by Dr. Anton Black, later a professor at El Paso Community College, who carried Cassady over his shoulders to the local post office building. Cassady was then transported to the closest hospital, where he died a few hours later on February 4, four days short of his forty-second birthday.

The exact cause of Cassady's death remains uncertain. Those who attended the wedding party confirm that he took an unknown quantity of Secobarbital, a powerful barbiturate sold under the brand name of Seconal, that can easily lead to overdose. Cassady was not a heavy drinker, though he may have participated in a toast to the bride and groom. The physician who performed the autopsy wrote simply "general congestion in all systems". When interviewed later, the physician stated that he was unable to give an accurate report, because Cassady was a foreigner and there were drugs involved. 'Exposure' is commonly cited as his cause of death, although his widow disputes this and believes he may have died of renal failure.

Legacy and influence

In literature

Ken Kesey wrote a fictional account of Cassady's death in a short story named "The Day After Superman Died", where Cassady is quoted mumbling the number of railroad ties he had counted on the line (sixty-four thousand nine-hundred and twenty-eight) as his last words before dying. It was published as a part of Kesey's 1986 collection ''Demon Box''.

Cassady's autobiographical novel ''The First Third'' was published posthumously in 1971, three years after his death. His complete surviving letters are published in ''Grace Beats Karma: Letters from Prison'' (Blast, 1993) and ''Neal Cassady: Collected Letters, 1944-1967'' (Penguin, 2007).

In music

Cassady lived briefly with The Grateful Dead and is immortalized in the "Cryptical Envelopment" section of their song "That's It For The Other One" as the bus driver "Cowboy Neal." A second Grateful Dead song, "Cassidy," by John Perry Barlow, might seem to be a misspelling of Cassady's name; in fact the song primarily celebrates the 1970 birth of baby girl Cassidy Law into the Grateful Dead family, though the lyrics also include references to Neal Cassady himself.

A New York City-based folk duo, Aztec Two Step, in their 1972 debut album memorialized Cassady in the song "The Persecution & Restoration of Dean Moriarty (On The Road)".

The Beat-inspired folk revival band the Washington Squares released a song named "Neal Cassady" on their 1989 album ''Fair and Square''.

The Doobie Brothers guitarist and songwriter Patrick Simmons refers to Cassady in his song "Neal's Fandango" as his incentive for taking to the road.

North Jersey-based progressive rock band Children of Dust pay tribute to Cassady in their song "Neal Cassady."

The progressive rock band King Crimson released a song named "Neal and Jack and Me" on their 1982 album ''Beat''.

Tom Waits composed and recorded a song named "Jack & Neal" (included in his 1977 ''Foreign Affairs'' album) about a trip to California, with Neal Cassady driving in the company of Jack Kerouac.

The Franco-American band Moriarty is named after the fictional character Dean Moriarty that Kerouac created from Neal Cassady.

Fatboy Slim produced a track, "Neal Cassady Starts Here", that appeared as a B-side to the singles Santa Cruz and Everybody Needs A 303.

Singer-songwriter Eric Taylor's 1995 song "Dean Moriarty" describes a character patterned after Neal Cassady.

In film

Neal Cassady and his friendship with Jack Kerouac were portrayed in John Byrum's film, ''Heart Beat'', starring Nick Nolte as Cassady and John Heard as Kerouac. The film was based on Carolyn Cassady's memoir of the same name. Released in 1980 immediately after Warner Bros. acquired Orion Pictures, the film was given a limited release due to studio politics and a perceived lack of public interest, and the film quickly fell from view. Talk show host Steve Allen, who was a big supporter of ''On The Road'' appears briefly as himself.

The film ''Who'll Stop The Rain'' (1978) is a psychological drama released by United Artists. The film is based on Robert Stone's novel ''Dog Soldiers''. This film also starred Nick Nolte. Stone based the character of Ray Hicks (Nolte) on Beat writer Cassady, with whom Stone became acquainted through novelist Kesey, a classmate of Stone's in graduate school at Stanford University. Hicks' death scene on the railroad tracks at the film's conclusion was directly based on Cassady's death along a railroad track outside of San Miguel de Allende, Mexico in 1968.

The film ''The Last Time I Committed Suicide'' (1997), with Thomas Jane as Cassady, is based on the "Joan Anderson letter" written by Cassady to Jack Kerouac in December 1950. Although much of this letter had been lost, a surviving remnant was originally published in a 1964 edition of John Bryan's magazine ''Notes from Underground''.

A 2007 short film, ''Luz Del Mundo'', deals with Cassady's friendship and adventures with Jack Kerouac. Cassady is played by Austin Nichols and Kerouac is played by Will Estes.

The biopic ''Neal Cassady'', was also released in 2007. This film focuses more on the Prankster years and stars Tate Donovan as Neal, Amy Ryan as Carolyn Cassady, Chris Bauer as Kesey, and Glenn Fitzgerald as Kerouac. Noah Buschel wrote and directed the film. The film deals primarily with how Neal became trapped by his fictional alter-ego, Dean Moriarty. The Cassady family criticized this film as highly inaccurate.

Cassady is portrayed by Jon Prescott in the film, ''Howl'', which chronicles the creation of the poem "Howl" by Allen Ginsberg and the obscenity trial surrounding its publication.

In the film ''Across the Universe'' (2007), the character Dr. Robert, played by Bono, is said to have been inspired by Neal Cassady

Cassady appears in Alex Gibney's ''Magic Trip'' (2011) a documentary film using the footage shot by Kesey and the Merry Pranksters during their cross-country bus trip in the "Furthur" bus. The hyperkinetic Cassady is frequently seen driving the bus, jabbering, and sitting next to a sign that boasts, "Neal gets things done".

Published works

"Pull My Daisy" (1951, poetry) written with Jack Kerouac

"Genesis West: Volume Seven" (1965, magazine article)

''The First Third'' (1971, autobiographical novel)

''Grace Beats Karma'' (1993, collection of poetry and letters)

''Neal Cassady: Collected Letters, 1944-1967'' (2004, letters)

Published biographies

''The Holy Goof: A Biography of Neal Cassady'', by William Plummer (1981)

''Neal Cassady, Volume One, 1926-1940'', by Tom Christopher (1995)

''Neal Cassady, Volume Two, 1941-1946'', by Tom Christopher (1998)

''Neal Cassady: The Fast Life of a Beat Hero'', by David Sandison & Graham Vickers (2006)

''Off the Road: Twenty Years with Cassady, Kerouac, and Ginsberg'', by Carolyn Cassady (Original version-Penguin, 1990, first revision Black Spring Press, Amazon.co.uk - sole distributor, 2007)

Literary studies

Friendly and Flowing Savage: The Literary Legend of Neal Cassady, by Gregory Stephenson (1987). Incorporated in The Daybreak Boys: Essays on the Literature of the Beat Generation by Gregory Stephenson (1990)

Appearances in literature

John Clellon Holmes — ''Go'' (1952) as "Hart Kennedy"

Allen Ginsberg — "The Green Automobile" (1953) as "my old companion"

Allen Ginsberg — "Howl" (1956) as "N.C."

Allen Ginsberg — "Many Loves" (1956)

Jack Kerouac — ''On the Road'' (1957) as "Dean Moriarty"

''On the Road — The Original Scroll'', as Neal Cassady

Jack Kerouac — ''The Subterraneans'' (1958) as "Leroy"

Jack Kerouac — ''The Dharma Bums'' (1958) as "Cody"

John Clellon Holmes — ''The Horn'' (1958) as "the driver"

Jack Kerouac — ''Visions of Cody'' (1960; published 1973) as "Cody Pomeray"

Jack Kerouac — ''Book of Dreams'' (1960) as "Cody Pomeray"

Jack Kerouac — ''Big Sur'' (1962) as "Cody Pomeray"

Jack Kerouac — ''Desolation Angels (novel)'' (1965) as "Cody Pomeray"

Hunter S. Thompson — ''Hell's Angels: The Strange and Terrible Saga of the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs'' (1966)

Tom Wolfe — ''The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test'' (1968)

Allen Ginsberg — "On Neal's Ashes" (1968)

[Allen Ginsberg] "Fall of America", "Elegies for Neal Cassady" (1968)

Charles Bukowski — ''Notes of a Dirty Old Man'' (1969) as "Kerouac's boy Neal C."

Robert Stone — "Porque No Tiene, Porque Le Falta" as "Willie Wings"

(1969)

Ken Kesey — "Over the Border" as "Houlihan" (1973)

Robert Stone — ''Dog Soldiers'' as "Ray Hicks" (1974)

Ken Kesey — ''The Day After Superman Died'' as "Houlihan" (1979)

Chuck Rosenthal — ''Jack Kerouac's Avatar Angel: His Last Novel'' as "Cody Pomeray" (2001)

David Amram - ''OFFBEAT: Collaborating with Kerouac'' (2002)

Nick Mamatas — ''Move Under Ground'' (2004)

Phil Lesh — ''Searching for the Sound: My Life with the Grateful Dead'' (2005)

Robert Stone — ''Prime Green: Remembering the Sixties'' (2007)

Appearances in film

''Neal Cassady'' (2008) played by Tate Donovan

''Heart Beat'' (1980) played by Nick Nolte

''What Happened to Kerouac'' (1986)

''The Last Time I Committed Suicide'' (1997) played by Thomas Jane

References

Notes

Bibliography

.

External links

Neal Cassady Official site of Neal Cassady's estate, with stories and photos contributed by the family; Carolyn Cassady, Cathy Cassady Sylvia, Jami Cassady Ratto and John Allen Cassady

Photos, Neal Cassady Sr. Gravesite

Denver Colorado, Neal Cassady, and the Beat Generation

Neal's Denver at Literary Kicks

Neal Cassady at Literary Kicks

Cassady Pages at Art and Leisure

Neal Cassady at rotten.com

Neal Cassady at IntrepidTrips.com

Kerouac Alley - Neal Cassady directory

Denver Beat Photo Tour, Cassady Haunts and Homes, More

A gallery of Neal Cassady and related book covers

Neal Cassady Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin

Neal Cassady letter to Allen Ginsberg

Neal's Gravesite, findagrave.com

Victoria Mixon's Interviews with Carolyn Cassady

Bono Plays Doctor in 'Across the Universe'

Category:1926 births Category:1968 deaths Category:People from Salt Lake City, Utah Category:American writers of Irish descent Category:Beat Generation writers Category:People from Denver, Colorado Category:Bisexual writers Category:LGBT writers from the United States

ca:Neal Cassady cs:Neal Cassady da:Neal Cassady de:Neal Cassady es:Neal Cassady fr:Neal Cassady it:Neal Cassady nl:Neal Cassady ja:ニール・キャサディ pl:Neal Cassady pt:Neal Cassady ru:Кэссиди, Нил simple:Neal Cassady sv:Neal Cassady tr:Neal Cassady

Name	Martin E. Dempsey
Birth date	March 14, 1952
Allegiance
Branch
Serviceyears	1974 – Present
Rank
Commands	Army Chief of StaffU.S. Army Training and Doctrine CommandMulti-National Security Transition Command - Iraq3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment1st Armored Division
Battles	Operation Desert StormIraq WarOperation Enduring Freedom - PhilippinesInsurgency in the Philippines
Awards	Defense Distinguished Service Medal (2) Army Distinguished Service Medal (3)Defense Superior Service MedalLegion of Merit (3)Bronze Star (2) with Combat V
Laterwork	}}

General Martin E. Dempsey, USA (born March 14, 1952) is the 37^th and current Chief of Staff of the Army. On May 30, 2011, General Dempsey was selected by President Barack Obama to become the next Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He is expected to succeed Admiral Michael Mullen when Mullen's term ends on September 30, 2011. He previously served as Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command from December 8, 2008 to April 11, 2011. Prior to that, he served as Acting Commander, U.S. Central Command from March 24, 2008 to October 30, 2008 and Deputy Commander, U.S. Central Command from August 2007 to Mar 23, 2008 and as Commanding General, Multi-National Security Transition Command - Iraq (MNSTC-I) from August 2005 to August 2007. He assumed his current assignment on April 11, 2011.

Biography

Dempsey attended John S. Burke Catholic High School in Goshen, New York and received a commission as an Armor officer upon graduation from the United States Military Academy in 1974. He went on to be the Executive Officer of the 3rd Brigade 3rd Armored Division during Operation Desert Shield/Storm. He then commanded the 4th Battalion of the 67th Armored Regiment "Bandits" from 1992-1995 in the 1st Armored Division in Friedberg, Germany (Hessen).

In June 2003, then Brigadier General Dempsey assumed command of 1st Armored Division. He succeeded Lieutenant General Ricardo S. Sanchez who was promoted to command V Corps. Dempsey commanded 1st Armored Division until July 2005 including 13 months in Iraq from June 2003 to July 2004. While in Iraq, 1st Armored Division, in addition to its own brigades, had operational command over the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment and a brigade of the 82nd Airborne Division; the command, called "Task Force Iron" in recognition of the Division's nickname, "Old Ironsides", was the largest division-level command in the history of the United States Army.

It was during this time that the U.S. intervention in Iraq changed dramatically as Fallujah fell to Sunni extremists and supporters of Muqtada Sadr built their strength and rose up against American forces. Then Major General Dempsey and his command assumed responsibility for the Area of Operations in Baghdad as the insurgency incubated, grew, and exploded. General Dempsey has been described by Thomas Ricks in his book "Fiasco": "In the capital itself, the 1st Armored Division, after Sanchez assumed control of V Corps, was led by Gen. Martin Dempsey, was generally seen as handling a difficult (and inherited) job well, under the global spotlight of Baghdad."

On March 27, 2007, Dempsey was promoted from commander of Multi-National Security Transition Command-Iraq, to be reappointed as a lieutenant general and assigned as deputy commander of U.S. Central Command, MacDill Air Force Base, Fla.

On February 5, 2008, Dempsey was nominated to head the Seventh United States Army/U.S. Army, Europe and was nominated for promotion to four-star general upon Senate approval.

On March 11, 2008, Dempsey's commander, Admiral William J. Fallon, retired from active service. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates accepted this as effective on March 31. Dempsey took over command as acting commander CENTCOM.

On March 13, 2008, Dempsey was confirmed by the United States Senate as Commander, Seventh United States Army/U.S. Army, Europe. Due to the resignation of Admiral Fallon, he never assumed command over Seventh Army and became Acting Commander, U.S. Central Command. Instead, General Carter F. Ham assumed command of the Seventh Army on August 28, 2008.

On December 8, 2008, Dempsey took command of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command.

On January 6, 2011, Defense Secretary Robert Gates announced that he would nominate General Dempsey to succeed General George Casey as the Army Chief of Staff.

On February 8, 2011, Gates announced that President Barack Obama nominated Dempsey to be the 37th Chief of Staff of the United States Army.

On March 3, 2011, Dempsey testified before the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services for reappointment to the grade of general and to be the 37th Chief of Staff of the United States Army.

On March 15, 2011, the U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services affirmatively reported Dempsey's nomination to serve as the 37th Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the floor of the Senate. On March 16, 2011, the Senate confirmed Dempsey's nomination by unanimous consent.

On April 11, 2011, Dempsey was officially sworn in as 37th Chief of Staff of the United States Army at a ceremony at Fort Myer.

With Admiral Mike Mullen set to retire as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in September 2011, President Obama needed to select his replacement. The Vice-Chairman, Marine General James Cartwright, who was initially believed to be the front runner for the job, had fallen out of favor among senior officials in the Defense Department. Obama administration officials revealed on May 26, 2011, that the President would nominate Dempsey to the post of Chairman.

Education

1974 Bachelor of Science degree, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY

1984 Master of Arts degree in English, Duke University, Durham, NC

1988 Master of Military Art and Science degree, United States Army Command and General Staff College

1995 Master of Science degree in national security and strategic studies, National War College

Promotions

10px 2LT - 5 Jun 74

10px 1LT - 5 Jun 76

28px CPT - 8 Aug 78

28px MAJ - 1 Sep 85

28px LTC - 1 Apr 91

28px COL - 1 Sep 95

28px BG - 1 Aug 01

56px MG - 1 Sep 04

84px LTG - 8 Sep 05

112px GEN - 8 Dec 08

Awards, decorations, and badges

{| |- | |Defense Distinguished Service Medal (with one bronze Oak Leaf Cluster) |- | |Army Distinguished Service Medal (with two Oak Leaf Clusters) |- | |Defense Superior Service Medal |- | |Legion of Merit (with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters) |- | |Bronze Star (with Oak Leaf Cluster and Combat Valor Device) |- | |Meritorious Service Medal (with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters) |- | |Joint Service Commendation Medal |- | |Army Commendation Medal |- | |Army Achievement Medal (with Oak Leaf Cluster) |- | |Joint Meritorious Unit Award (with Oak Leaf Cluster) |- | |Valorous Unit Award (with Oak Leaf Cluster) |- | |Army Superior Unit Award (with Oak Leaf Cluster) |- | |National Defense Service Medal (with two bronze Service Stars) |- | |Southwest Asia Service Medal with three bronze Service Stars |- | |Iraq Campaign Medal |- | |Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal |- | |Global War on Terrorism Service Medal |- | |Army Service Ribbon |- | |Army Overseas Service Ribbon (with award numeral "4") |- | |NATO Medal for Service with ISAF |- | |Kuwait Liberation Medal (Saudi Arabia) |- | |Kuwait Liberation Medal (Kuwait) |} {| | align=center | |Combat Action Badge |- | align=center | |Basic Parachutist Badge |- | align=center | |Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge |- | align=center | |Army Staff Identification Badge |- | align=center | |7 Overseas Service Bars |- | align=center | |3d Armored Cavalry Regiment Distinctive Unit Insignia |- | align=center | |1st Armored Division Combat Service Identification Badge |}

References

External links

Chief of Staff Gen. Martin E. Dempsey at U.S. Army

*Military Biography

Category:1952 births Category:United States Army generals Category:American people of Irish descent Category:Living people Category:United States Military Academy alumni Category:Duke University alumni Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States) Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit Category:Recipients of the Bronze Star Medal

de:Martin E. Dempsey he:מרטין דמפסי no:Martin Dempsey ru:Демпси, Мартин sv:Martin Dempsey